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The origins of the broadcasting in Italy - Cronistoria of the radio from 1923 to the 2000 true history of the broadcasting in Italy. 1067 establish that the system and the exercise of telecommunicationses for means of electromagnetic waves without the use of threads are reserve you to the State, with facolt?el Government to come to an agreement them in concession. Maria Luisa?tata Boncompagni the voice of the radio for forty years. 1226 come emanated the regulations for the execution of. 27 August -?costituita with center in Rome the S. Italiana (URI) with understood shared them between the S. Italiana for the Circular Radio communications, shareholder of majority, and the Societ?taliana Radio Circular Auditions (SIRAC). 6 October to the 21 - the URI begins from the station of Rome a service. of Corradi Palace, it reads to the first announcement of the baby radio: "Italian wireless Union, station of Rome 1-RO, transmission of the concert with center in Milan the Societ?taliana Anonymous Pubblicit?adiofonica (SIPRA), with understood left again them between URI and SIRAC. Italian agency for Wireless Auditions (EIAR), with legal situs in Rome. the release of one new concession the institution near the Ministry of the Communications of a Committee. 2526) the Government comes to an agreement to EIAR (URI), until the 13, of the service of the circular radioaudizioni. 15 January - In conformit?lla Law and to the Convention of the previous year, the URI assumes the new corporate name of EIAR, with legal situs to Rome and General Direzione to Turin, before in via Bertola - in puts into effect them palace ENEL. ?confermata the privatistica nature of the concessionaire. 12 July - the station of Bolzano Enters in function. 28 October - the station of Genoa Enters in function. 3044 said the first norms for the elimination of disturb to the service of the circular radioaudizioni. The Radio station of Turin enters in function. 28 February - They begin to Turin, and then to Milan and Rome, the first experiments. To Milan the engineers Alexander Banfi and Sergio Bertolotti open a television laboratory experience them of the Uri in Course Italy 13, based on the mechanical analysis dell’.immagine. The terms enter in the use televisione. and televisore., even if resister?ncora to along. 1, November - First connection in cable between the stations of Milan. In the year the Center of Sixth Calende, used after the control enters in function. Guglielmo Marconi realizes to Rome the first antenna for the transmissions. The 1, July, near Rome, enters in function the Imperial Radio center of Prato Emerald, the first station that it transmits to Waves. 30 june - the societ?droelettrica Piemonte (SIP) enters in possession of the entire package. 1, July - the SIP incorporates the Societ?ndustrie Elettrotelefoniche of Turin (SIET), shareholder of majority of the Radiofono. 1027) the Government comes to an agreement to the EIAR the concession without exclusive right of the radiotelegraphy services and circular radiovisione, while ribadisce the concession in exclusive right for the circular radio communications. They begin the first transmissions radio in Short waves for the America of. Experiments of television reception with disc of Nipkoow to the institute Radiotechnician "Beltrani" of Milan. To the Center with occhialini and papilon?rtuno Recla, than sar?oi planner to the from Milan company Allocchio Bacchini. 8 October - to V the national Extension of the radio of Milan they are introduces you to public the first experiments of of Milan II and Turin II begins the regular spread of the programs of the group of southern stations (Roma-Napoli-Bari). (law mails them and of the telecommunicationses) organic disciplines to the entire field of the services of telecommunication, establishing their exclusive belongings to the State and fixing the norms of their exercise. 9 August - It comes completed the connection in cable between all the stations. in function the audio emitter of the station experiences them of image experiences them TV of the technician of the EIAR Manlio Bonini, transmitted from emitter Mario the Mount (quarter of Rome) and received on television screen situated in the Maximum Circus in the pressed ones. The image?iprodotta on Fernseh receiver to mirror to 441 Lines, on the background appears acronym EIAR (ancient RAI). Military in the sommergibilisti, subsequently technical navy of the antennas to RAI in the Station of Saint Rome Palomba and Monte Mario, amateur radio operator with nominative case I3MAN. Presentation to the public of the first transmissions experiences them television receipts on televisori and Fernseh mounts in knows it to you of the television of the Bathing Village to the Maximum Circus On the left, in giubbetto white man, Victor de Sanctis, beside dressed he of dark, dottor the Francisco Cochetti. To the skillful extreme, Alfredo Sernicoli and, right of he, ingegner the Maximum Spot Spring 1940, the director Victor de Sanctis between the two newest television cameras Fernseh type hardly committees in the studies of the Eiar of Rome. In the angle to famous right the screen of a television set Safar RTD 40 to direct vision. Rome, autumn 1939, Photo of group on the terazzo of via Asiago, In feet from left, the giver lights Arming NATO, the Giuseppe technician Of the Missierm the director ingegner Victor de Sancts, commendator the Alfredo Sernioli with its secretary, dottor the Cosimo Pistoia, ingegner the Antonino the Rose, the violoncellista Ceradini, ingegner the Maximum Spot. Accovaccia you, from left the technician Giancarlo Cosola, the Maetro Gori, the assistant Guide Terranera, the scenotecnico Arming Astolfi, cammeraman the Fernado Luzzi. It comes inaugurated a course of musical transmissions dedicated to the schools. The transmissions preview propedeutici contributions of base for listen to of the concerts and lessons on the styles and the shapes of music. New discipline of the subscriptions to the radioaudizioni begins a course of lessons of German language establishes one. From the collaboration of the EIAR with the Academy of Italy the study and the defense of italianit?ella the language gush of the cultural transmissions for. the program comprises: to) history of the issue of the national language. b) concept puts into effect them of the language. c) linguistica expansion. d) language. Mussolini faces, from the microphones of the EIAR, the problem of the "re-unification". and the political initiative of the Roma/Berlino Axis has rendered possible, after several tried to you, the annexation of Austria to the Germany (ci?he passer?lla history with the name of Anschluss). Beginning from this date in wraps hour 13. the "Double program meridian": the sdoppiamento of the programming concurs with the listeners one greater libert?i chosen. at this moment the First one and According to Program transmitted simultaneously. ?attivata the wireless station of Milan III He comes transmitted "and a man gained the space" of And Porrino, written in memory of Guglielmo Marconi. In occasion of the travel of Hitler in Italy, the EIAR carries out one week. They go in wave between the other, from Rome and Naples, radio broadcasts for the military and naval reviews with the speeches of the heads. ?attivata the station to short wave of Adis Abeba, destined the national hymns, the "Radio newscast" and a concert of classic music, which ago followed the speech of the duce for the celebration of the anniversary. It has beginning an exchange of wireless programs between the stations of the EIAR and those of Hsinking in the Manchukuo (Manchuria). Italy, after to have defeated Norway, France, Brasi they, strikes in end to Paris Hungary for 4 to 2. according to tito it world-wide of the national Italian of soccer. Niccol?arosio cures for the EIAR the radio broadcasts of the games. 1415 arrest until six mesi.000) for who sanctions pains (?coperto to listens of. The wireless station of Ancona enters in function. Radio broadcasts and special services from Norimberga for the tenth conference of the entitled German nazionalsocialista party to the Great Germany. "the inexhaustible oral flow of the Fuhrer" had hit the Italians in listens in occasion of the wireless connections. Radio broadcast of the manifestation carried out in presence of Mussolini for the reconstruction of Ara Pacis in public square of the Augusteo to Rome. Giuseppe Bottai, Minister of the National Education, illustrates to the radio the new bill, approved of from the Great Council of the Fascismo, that sopprime the Chamber of deputies and institutes, to its place, the Room. Radio broadcast of the return of the legionari from the war of Spain. ?attivata the wireless station of Turin III With the installation of six new emitters?fficialmente constituted the wireless Center to short wave of Rome-Prato Emerald. Orson Welles diffuses, on net CBS American, one sbalorditivo program-verit?al tito it "the war of the worlds". they without warning disembark in the New Jersey, giving place to feracious combats. The extraearthlings march on New York. organized trick?os?en, with intuition of the effectiveness of wireless means and the reactions of the listeners, than the transmission sortisce advanced effects to the expectations noises and invite to the calm induce, pi?he the imagination. the fantasy for the realt, in a process of collective identification, they crowd the roads and they escape in the panic some hour, from all the stations is worried in the refutation hundred to us of the wounded, premature cases of madness and suicide, parts. Welles, serafico, dichiarer?i to have only aimed to study. Welles remains a classic of "multiplying" nella. like "document" and commented effect from the Italian radio. Radio broadcast from Tripoli for the arrival of the first 20. To Palace Chigi, the minister of the foreign countries Italian, Galeazzo Ciano, and German ambassador Von Mackensen cultural convection signs one in order to intensify the exchanges between the two Countries in every field. The exchange begins with two solemn transmissions. Enters in function the wireless station of Catania. The radio diffuses the speech on the foreign politics that, present the Duce, the minister Galeazzo Ciano pronounces to the Room. of particular world-wide resonance, ago cronistoria detailing of the events derives to you from the issue of Sudeti and culminates to you, as a result of the Pact of Monaco, in the annexation from German part (1-10 October). The minister of the German propaganda, Goebbels, and the Italian ambassador, Attolico, inaugurate, to the House of the Radio to Berlin, one di.Cremascoli series, reached in airplane Barcelona as soon as conquered from the falangisti of general Franco, fixed the first impressions in one recording that, sent to put?ubito Rome in. The "Radio newscast" of the mattino is opened with a funeral announcement: the dead women of Devout XI, Twin Pope Ratti. of the Universit?attolica of Milan, father Augustin, the assignment to commemorate the figure of the pontefice of the conciliation. In the same day, to hours 13. the stations of the EIAR biography of the Pope diffuses one scomparso. A series of transmissions in directed from citt?edesche is realized from Antonio Guarino, envoy of the EIAR, in order to better introduce to the Italians the realt?elle citt?edesche. The cardinal Eugene Pacelli?letto Pope with the name of Devout. The ceremony of its incoronazione?rasmessa in diretta.00 goes in wave a special service of the "Radio newscast" for the occupation of Madrid, begun to the 12, part of the falangiste troops of general Franco, placed side by side from two. The EIAR deliberates the offer anniversary to the Fascist Union Numerous Families free subscriptions to the radioaudizioni to put to disposition of the associates who, for the modestia of their budget, are not in degree. The Italian government and the Sede Saint conclude an agreement for the retort one source of information non subject to the censorship of the regimen. Services of the "Radio newscast" for the occupation of Albania. It is closed to Montreux, Switzerland, the European conference of the broadcastings slowly of distribution of the wavelengths for the European stations. One is written up which beginning from also convention based on March 1940 sar?egolata all technically the net of broadcasting of the European continent. They begin the wireless transmissions express dedicated to the laborers under the head "social Radio". trisettimanale and goes in wave in wraps afternoon in which the workers. The companies have in endowed purpose of receiving apparatuses. The programs comprise: popular music and songs, radioscene umoristiche or sentimentali of ambient laborer, attualit?olitico-trade-union, interviews with personalit?el scientific world. the Confederation Working of the Industry and the General manager. In practical "social Radio" it replaces the rubrica. From today the rubrica "the hour of the agriculturist", to cure of the Agency Rural, dumb Radio its title it in "the hour of agriculturist and Firma of the alliance treaty, the steel Pact, between Italy and the Germany in the Papal chancery of Berlin, to the presence of the Fuhrer. They underwrite the document you respect ministers to you of the foreign countries, Ciano. Transmission inaugurates them of new center EIAR, constituted in collaboration with the Fascist National Mayoralty Doctors, for the spread of a wireless cycle dedicated to the ins-patient in the hospitals under the head "Igea Radio", offers every Sunday, from. and information on the social participations of the mussoliniano regimen. Igea "remains tied to the name of Silvio Gigli. The wireless station of Padova of the same year enters in function will be activated those of Venice, Verona and Sanremo. They are carried out in the course of the month, the final examinations for the students of. The topics are dictate to you for radio, 650 the students of all the Countries, uniforms in 14 groups. the first one classified of every group avr?n prize a travel in Italy. The Universit?adiofonica had been constituted in November 1938 in order to diffuse the language and the Italian culture in the world. The emitter enters in function video of the station experiences them of television Roma-Monte Mario, that it carries out for approximately a year regular daily transmissions with the standard of 441 lines. of these experiments to the public it happens in an appropriate pavilion. The transmission begins comprises them songs and musical numbers comic you execute yourself from famous artists, between which Macario and Aldo Fabrizi. for its qualit?elegeniche the task of announcements. 22 July, after two months of test 25 coaches begins May to you, comes inaugurates you from the study of Via Asiago in Rome the television programs experiences them of the Eiar, with two hours, subsequently capacities to four, of daily transmissions German to 441 lines, with 21-42 images to the second. Safar from 2 kW-50 Mhz, whose antenna irradiates from sommit?i the Mario Mount?ollegato to the study of resumption of wave of 7,40 meters (40,54MHz) for the sound and of 6,80 meters these transmissions experiences them happens with televisori Safar and Fernseh mounts to you in a pavilion prepared to the Maximum Circus and in display windows of city storees of National Way and Via del. and television cameras (defined then iconoscopio) aimed at poured them Lydia Pasqualini, in the execution and on the directed orchestra of the radiovisione. from Master Strappini, in the study of Via Asiago. experiments of television on the national territory had. the native land of Guglielmo Marconi that to the radiovision dedic?na part of the searches Duce in person, last instrument of competition with l’.alleato German on falsariga dell’.utopia totalitarian even the Vatican, that it had been exceeded in this titanic competition in the 1936 contatt?arconi, then senator, commissionandogli experiments to Torrechiaruccia for un’.emittente. In the December of ’.38 the l’.ufficio press dell’.Eiar it communicated entusiastica that in the first months of the ’.39 would be begins regular services to you of television from Rome with emitters to Montemario and from Milan - case watches - from the station of Of the lictor Tower pages are hour forgotten Achille Starace, gerarca that it flew on the bayonets, s’.inarc?nche on the parabolas inaugurating the some transmissions experiences them to the Extension of the the 4 Leonardo june 1939, it had gi?ei palimpsests, it produced of variet?delle the aspirants Nicolette Orsomando, scrittur?e stars of the moment between which Niccol?arosio. a personal history and in some way the symbol of how much has been complex in our country it interlaces it and the history it characterizes them with the propaganda of the regimen. of tip of the journalistic square he carried a name that today he evokes in left s?’.idea and of the modernit?elevisiva, was just that Vittorio Veltroni that was father - tragically scomparso - of Walter, future secretary of the Ds, expert future of emittenza, a man grown on the legs of Mike Bongiorno but to how much seems gi?egnato of the Dna from a cathodic predisposition But what ferm?unque the plan that had fascinated Filippo Tommaso Marinetti and fascinated the gerarchi of the regimen. What imped?i circuits sluices that they transmitted the programs experiences them to become Tv of mass and war television screen of the second world war to embezzle precious resources to the experimentations dell’.Eiar, huge understood them the necessary ones to carry to fulfillment the plan many points out, after some partial ones tried of storiografica reconstruction?n book to you published in september 2003 ricapitolare for before turns an immense document size forgets to you and to collect the iconografico material, the photos of the telepionieri of the ventennio, the history of this. Castelvecchi to support the student Diego Verdegiglio in the four necessary years to the compilation of this book, with the title it the Tv di Mussolini - television experimentations. For the report, the first attrice to appear on the small screen was Isa Miranda that said estasiata: Questa. and first of all the political journalists who have marked the history of our Country, the father of Jader Jacobelli. today impresses ritrae just Veltroni, l’.annunciatrice Lydia Pasqualini and Niccol?arosio in front of a trust secretary of the Ds was the first editor head of the television news and put down with a mild smile, the hands behind the back, the doppiopetto abbottonato while Carosio watched cipiglioso. curious that the flashing book storys l’.inizio of this career, a history that until today was ignota. beautiful politics, in fact, Veltroni tells of knowing little of the father, to have tried voracemente all what it could know of he from the interviews of the friends, but admitted comunque does not have reconstructed all of he, in part us? had to the pudore mine and Eravamo a typical family democratic of those years, the books that circulated in house were the books democratics, the persons whom they circulated in house were democratics, and say democratics in the full sense of the term, antifascist, persons who had a sure passion for the ideas, for in the contradictions who hide verit?il lungo the travel dell’.Italia through the fascismo, in order being to the beautiful definition of Ruggero Zangrandi. Sinopoli, interviewed from Verdegiglio, tells of a travel to Catanzaro in which Vittorio Veltroni arriv?ei most delicate cloth of official resocontista of the Duce: Io I remained beside he all l’.adunata, l’.indomani we caught up the Duce in the stage of Vibo Valentia, with we c’.erano also Vittorio Nistic? Frank Servello Maria, then. This libr? senz’.altro matter for the historians, for gets passionate to it to you, perhaps even for the nostalgic ones but, above all, a piece of the history of the Italian custom, a document and, like l’.ha defined l’.editore Alberto Castelvecchi brilliantly, tell the first steps del. Veltroni, Lydia Pasqualini and the sport radio broadcaster Niccol?mmagine draft from the service "the getlteman of the waves" transmitted to the inside of the television transmission "Gaia, the planet that lives" gone in wave on the 14 RAI Three July 2007 to hours 21. 1939: center of tv the EIAR of Rome, Via Montebello angle via Asiago Trust fine transmissions TV EIAR (stopped definitively 31 May 1940) Pope Pio XII Pacelli assist in its study to one television transmission. From the High one towards the bottom, on the left: The interviews of Niccol?arosio and Vittorio Veltroni to managing players and of the soccer square of Bologna of the first show, with the public in study, (in the last low famous photo the singer Lia Origoni). To right: some scenes of the written and interpreted television orginale from Marcello Giorda, placed side by side from Lydia Pasqualini. ?stipulato to Moscow a non-aggression pact Russian-German signed from the ministers of the foreign countries Molotov and Von Ribbentrop. after, 25 August, plenipotentiary Halifax English and Raczinski Pole. The Germans, to the dawn, invade the Polonia and of it they bomb citt?Il the same day the English ambassador to Berlin, Henderson, introduces a famous one to the ministry of the foreign countries of the Reich in which the governments of United Kingdom and France emphasize the volont?i to fulfill. the 3, a second note ultimatum?espinta from the government nazista.00 of the same Great Britain day and France declare in state of war with the Germany these days with wide services and comments. It enters in function to Milan an emitter of television (audio and video) that it carries out transmissions experiences them in occasion della. transmitter?ealizzato from Magneti-Marelli. The EIAR index a referendum, to which all can participate make a subscriber to it to you, in order to assess tastes and preferences in the comparisons of the programming. Draft of one initiative without previous for sistematicit? scientificit?destinata to influence on the future politics. In its first fifteen years of life, the Italian radio, it had estimated the reactions of the listeners by means of surveyings. Benito Mussolini, duce of the Italians, assists to Torlonia Villa to the reception, by means of a Radiomarelli apparatus, of one carried out radiovisiva transmission from theRoma-Monte station Mario. For before the time it comes transmitted a wireless documentary, "Submersible in ambush", recorded to fifty meters of profondit? Announced from four blows in succession that in the alphabet Vices identified letter V, begins them of Victoria, begin in the autumn of the 1939 the transmissions of ' Radio Londra', issuing English in Italian language. The first directly turned speech al our Country was pronounced dal celebre colonel Harold Stevens 22 December 1939. To this date laughed them the first conserved text of the Italian Service:. series that andr?n wave weekly and durer?con. Are programs produced from the Italian Service, branch of the European Service of the BBC, for the anti-fascist propaganda. Stevens (said also Buonasera), former military attache in Italy, speaks Italian with Neapolitan accent and becomes endured popular for the sobrio style, the cordialit? the irony. in Sicily in the ' 43, the English soldiers stupiranno in written seeing. Radio broadcast of the encounter to the Devout Quirinale between XII and Vittorio Emanuele. ?dal 1846 that Rome does not see for its ways the passage. The quindicennale of the radiotelephony in Italy coincides with the explosion. 59,8% to the north, 20.2% to the center, 13.7% to the south, 6.3% in the islands. The systems medium-wave transmitters are 27, those to short wave 6: 33 the total on the national territory had been activated station OC of Adis Abeba (9 May) and that one. Of continuation they are lists the wireless systems in function to 31 December 1939: Medium-wave __ Ancona (kw ant.1). Short waves __ Rome (Prato Emerald. Fiat 1100 of the Writing of the Radio newscast EIAR Relationships of the Minculpop on the political content of some transmissions of the clearly antinazi Radio Vatican publishes decrees you of condono and of amnesty that benefits in favor of those who preview, in irregular position as far as the subscription to the radioaudizioni, regolarizzano said position within 120 days. Connection with the Radio Vatican, in occasion of Passover, for the solemn Pontificale celebrated from Devout XII in the basilica of S. For before it turns the Pope admits to not only make use of the connected plenary Indulgence with the blessing the 150.Pietro, but also how many, finding in the prescribed conditions (confession and communion), have listened to the voice of Sommo Pontefice. The customary formula of the?tata plenary Indulgence in purpose explicitly modified, agreeing lavished not only omnibus hic praesentibus., but also iis here vocem radiophonica Ipsius benedicentis ope devout perceperunt.. Spring 1940: An exceptional image of the study of the Eiar, equipped. While the orchestra is resumed, the other tip on the singers to right and third frames the trust of the Eiar acronym. A decree legislative puts aim to the Agency Rural Radio. For all the duration of XXI the Fair of Milan, the EIAR carries out a daily service experiences them of radiovisione from the Of the lictor Tower of the Park. The transmissions are carried out every day, dalle. television regularly to the outside carried out from the Eiar with machine from taken Magnets. ?attivata the wireless station of Florence III it enters to make part of the Center entitled transmitter to Costanzo Ciano. and the television, passed from the director general's office propaganda of the Minculpop?per volont?el duce, restructured and divided in three special sections: inner transmissions, transmissions for the foreign country, interception. In the within of such provisions?stituito the Radio center war for the spread of the news on the operations. Getting thicker to the horizon threats of war for Italy, the transmissions stop experience them television of the Eiar are to Rome are to Milan, poich?a frequency of transmission TV could interfere with the emissions of the Telefunken system of landing operated by remote control of the airplane in the airports of Rome-Ciampino and Milan-Linate. 554 come disciplined use it of the "airplane. After a lot to hesitate and the invention of the formula "not belligerence". of the air to the Fascists of the revolution and the legions to the men and the women of Italy, of the Empire and the Reign of Albania the hour of the irrevocable decisions?iunta.. words Benito Mussolini, duce of the Italians, announces, from the balcony of palace Venice, the entrance in war of Italy against Great Britain. Beginning from this day the number of editions of the "Newspaper. They increase also editions extraordinary, in relation to the events, like pure the special transmissions on the situation. Sunday, some notiziari are integrated from the "Bulletin of the General Quartier of the Armed Forces". Repressive norms enter in vigor of listen to clandestine of the stations commina preventive jail sentences until 6 months e.000 Liras for who come found to listen of the radios. To this decree forbidden actions of acoustic disturbance of the issuing ones join (jamming). With the entrance in war of Italy, all the wireless stations of the peninsula send in wave a unified program sluice of the transmissions verr?nticipata to the 22, sar?bolita the light dance music and reduced that every day week after the "Radio newscast" of the 20. the rubrica "Comment to the facts of the day. Aldo Values, Ezio Gray, Mario Appelius that to risulter?ssere. Beginning from this date comes puttinges in wave special services from the western forehead, with interviews and reportages on the battlefields. It comes transmitted a wireless documentary on the organization of. The report sonorizzata from Vittorio Veltroni concurs with the radio listeners of being present on the place of the action. ?inaugurata, from the Minister for the Popular Culture Pavolini, one new rubrica, "News from house". inserted in the "Transmission for the Armed Forces" that goes in and the kinsmen whom they want to make to reach news of varied kind means it mails addressed to the common one of residence and from the Podest?quelle "to house" that, sended to the EIAR from the soldiers to the forehead, will be transmitted from the radio stations Italian and listened to from the relatives. In the week of operations that see the troops Italian to fight for the conquest of the British Somalia "Radio newscast" offers to the radioscoltatori, beyond to notiziari of war, special services realizes from Antonio Piccone Star, Antonio Foschini and Peter to you Zuccari. Radio broadcast directed in occasion of the company of the pact tripartito between a new world-wide order, establishing the spheres of interest of the three Nations in continenete the Euro-African and Asia orients them. The wireless stations of the Aquila enter in function and Bologna II the EIAR index one "classified Competition Spouses" to the braces that uniranno in wedding in the period January - Decembers 1941, supporters are offers a free subscription begin them to the radioaudizioni. To the initiative of the EIAR partecipano.897 braces, 25% of the married braces in year ' 41, of the competition, a laborer of Milan recalled to the crews with the corporal degree, avr?ome first prize a Treasury bond of the value. From all the radio stations of the Country come transmitted a realized historical-musical rievocazione from federal commando GIL of Livorno, with embrace the Italian historical period that goes from the revolutionary motions of 1848 to the war of Libia, from the enterprise African to the rebirth of the empire, therefore to the war of Spain until it puts into effect them conflict. The rievocazione culminates in the imperative of Benito Mussolini: "To win. The "Radio newscasts" diffuse coming from news from the Albanian foreheads and of Africa of the North where the Italian action is carried out, in particular the been left over one towards blocked Egypt from the British troops. The Italian Service of the BBC comes reorganized and widened with a remarkable one. New set off transmissions agreed from the EIAR and the General Commando of the GIL, Of the lictor Giovent?taliana, to the aim to develop the political-moral preparation of the new generations. They come inaugurated the transmissions directed to Rumania with the title it "the hour romena". for the Popular Culture, and of the plenipotentiary one near the Quirinale Jan Victor Vojen, speeches on the cultural relationships between the two Countries and spread of the "Rapsodia romena" of Enescu. In the eighth anniversary of the taken one of the power in Germany from part of Hitler, Giovanni Ansaldo illustrates the character of the nazi movement, the reasons of put into effect them conflict and the reasons of the entrance in war of Italy to flank of the Germany. In relation to news it is diffused from the English press approximately disorders that would have been taken place in some citt?taliane, the "Radio newscast" answers with reports from northern Italy that speak about spontaneous manifestations of fedelt?l Duce and to the regimen. It comes instituted the Agency Radio City whose task to?iffondere, via ether, the news of war directly to the other Countries rester?n life little months poich?a wireless propaganda to the foreign country perder?ia via value for fascist Italy, in particolar way with the entrance in war of the USA to flank of the allies the Agency in the month of July, the Inspectorate for the broadcasting concentrer?a own attention nearly exclusively on the propaganda to for internal use only. The "Radio newscast" reports of the encounter to Bordighera between Francisco Franco and Benito Mussolini, than in the intentions of the Powers of the Axis it had to convince Spain to enter in war against in Germany of the Prime Minister jugoslavo that confirmation neutralit?el the its Country in the conflict English radio in order to know the real conditions of the enemy us? absurdity: the enemy in kind, and English in particular, not dir?ai the verit? b)"if he listens to himself for how much must itself be known little also lieto he must learn from mouth and Italian hearts". c)"if the English radio for pastime is listened to, us? of bad taste: ?referibile always the Lescano Trio to the prosa of Duff Cooper ". It is asserted, in the occasion, than "the German troops they have entered in Bulgaria with the full consent of the government of Sofia in order to prevent attempted to you the English ones to extend the war in the Balkans". Also the Yugoslavia joins to the Tripartito. Pact friendship with the Soviet Union of Stalin. occupies Lubiana and those Belgrade Germans. the new Croatian State, the 17 of the spread month the Yugoslavia understood it. The 28 you open them the Regal civil Commissioner for the occupied territories orders the cessation of the attivit?adiofonica of the Agency that manages Lubiana Radio and its passage to the EIAR. Subsequently on disposition of the Minculpop the EIAR, 5 May, assets near Shovelled a wireless station that it carries out to regulate attivit?anche to equip Lubiana and Zara of motorized emitters, starting. 530, relative to the repression of I listen to clandestine. Relationships of political police to the Ministry of the Insides report, from several citt?in merit to I listen to of Radio London and Radio Nizza near local publics or Recreational clubs (Simona Colarizi, "the opinion. The "Radio newscast" reports sull' to encounter al Brennero between Mussolini and Hitler, directed to verify the military strategy dell' Axis on the credit side English next day della Victoria sugli in enough reticente Greece dal moment that it does not reveal not even that twenty day has gi?eciso to invade USSR after. On the wireless forehead it begins "thirty minuteren in the world", organized program in collaboration with the National Work Recreational club. In every wave monday and the 19 fridays to. The first edition early riser of the "Radio newscast" is opened with the announcement of the entrance in war of Italy against the Soviet Union after the German aggression to the Russian territory. First speech from Radio Moscow di Palmiro Togliatti with the pseudonym of Mario Running, "which it entrusted its comments to the microphones of issuing the Soviet one that transmitted three times to them to the week. (Antonio Pope," political History of the radio in Italy ", and. It is born, in Soviet Union, second the issuing Communist in Italian language, called Radio Milan Libert?apparire like operating from the national territory on the situation in our Country. I listen of the issuing ones from USSR was inferior to that one of London Radio relation, according to Pope, to the "social composition mostly of bourgeois type of the wireless public". cesser?e its transmissions in January 1944. "political History of the radio in Italy", and. A voice becomes part in the transmission "Comment to the facts of the day" lead from Mario Appelius, pronouncing slogans anti-fascist. Draft of Luigi Polano, militant expert Communist of radiotelephony, that it carries out the "blow" for assignment of provoked Togliatti. and the impossibilit?ecnica to cancel the interference is such that the autorit?ecidono to accept the conflicting one. From the 13 to 17 October Appelius and Gherardo Cottages they support the comparison with the "phantom": "for before the time, in the history of the Italian radio the voice of an antifascist could be confronted in front of the laboriously constructed wireless platea from the regimen". followed cerc?i to contrast inventing it a "tamed ghost" that, given its insufficient one credibilit?fu soon. Monteleone, "the Italian radio in the fascist period, and. The new Center of production enters in function to Turin endowed radio. Attack to surprise of Japan against the fleet berthed American. The Conference of the United States decides the entrance. Radio "diffuses the news in these terms: "according to forehead that the Anglo-Saxons said of wanting to create in Europe in order to alleviate the serious Soviet worries?nvece created for Japanese initiative in the Pacific with strategic consequences, political and economic ones. The "Radio newscast" diffuses the speech of Mussolini from Venice Palace that announces the declaration of war to the USA. the protection of the radio communications against disturbs caused from. C$r-with regard to the organized programming with the ingredients of the ideological propaganda (extra-informative) and of the recreational-cultural offer of pi?argo consumption, the Italian radio had made remarkable experiences in the phase of starter and that prewar (1924-1942). it does not come abandoned during according to world-wide conflict the requirement to persuade and to affect the public opinion it involved segmentazione of the programs revolts to determines groups to you of 1942, XIX year of was fascist, are present two tipologie of special transmissions: to) social Transmissions: "Radio GIL" (for the boys), "Rural Radio" (for the agriculturists), "Social Radio", "Transmissions for the Italian women" (public In the september of the ' 42 aggiunger?Radio Family ", mainly addressed to the kinsmen of the combatants. of war: "Transmissions for the Armed Forces", Transmissions for the combatants on the forehead orient them "," Igea Radio "(for the war wounded)," News from house "(for the combatants)," News to house "(the combatant soldiers to the families). In August of the ' 42 prender?l via "the Radio of the Combatant". Hendel, the organization of the consent in the fascist regimen like institution of social control, datt. From the Church of the Carmine of Naples?iffusa, in short waves and medium, one radio broadcast in occasion of the first celebration in Italy of weddings by proxy demands from war impediments four spouses, in citt?e four spouses in grigioverde, to the forehead, lines up in front of the apparatus radio to you. Ansaldo holds a wireless conversation on reconquers of the Cirenaica from part of the troops of the Axis (21 January-4 February) and on the historical reasons of the Italian feelings towards the Libia. To Monaco di Baviera they are carried out of the encounter between the minister for the popular culture, Alexander Pavolini, and the minister of the propaganda general manager of the EIAR, Raoul Chiodelli. The Radio Vatican offers to the EIAR the recording of the commemorative speech of DEVOUT the held episcopal giubileo from XII, but Alexander Pavolini, minister for the popular culture, expresses a opinion negative war the Minculpop carefully watched the transmissions of the issuing Vatican for via of the antinazi attitudes that found to you. officially?attivata the wireless station of Zara. London radio sends in wave the program "London Asterisks" with news on the local life and a review of the English press collaborates Zeno Zencovich and Ruggero Bordering. The Italian service of the BBC launches two distinguished programs for Italy: "the voice of London" and "Fighters and Workers Programme". The first one contains the talks of Candidus (John Marus) and, from November 1943, the comments from the forehead (and gives behind the forehead) of Paul Treves. accommodates external collaborators of the BBC like Umberto Calosso, Nissim Helium. the duce, Benito Mussolini, receives the Vallauri president and the general manager Chiodelli of the EIAR, which reports to it on the situation. They resume, in the serali hours, the various transmissions shared in two offering wireless ones: First and According to program that, 2 August, will assume. The "d?otizie Radio newscast" of the happened one reconquers of Tobruk, in Marmarica, from part of the troops of the Axis. The timetables of the "Radio newscast" of the mattino come anticipate to you:. In the festive days, only edition to the 8. Alexander Pavolini, minister for the popular culture, inaugurates with a speech the "Radio of the combatant", new program for. Like the other special transmissions, he comprises light music and operistica, scenette and reviews, participations he speaks to you. The rubrica goes in wave "Comments of the Mr. Anyone, careful observer and scrupulous annotator of the running facts". Transmission from the title takes to the way one it "the five minuteren of Mr. X", short daily conversation of intonazione controversy. In the months succeeded to you its positioning to subir?iversi changes. ?istituito from the National Fascist Party, in the within of provisions of restructure of the Inspectorate for the broadcastings, an Office having Radio the task to constitute a net of "wireless fiduciaries" for the promotion and the control of I listen of the political rubriche. It takes to the way "Radio Family", program for the combatants and their kinsmen organized from the PNF in collaboration with the EIAR. ?una of the main initiatives in the tradition of the transmissions. It joins show and svago to consolatori participations. The EIAR, for dispositions of the autorit?cessa to communicate lists it of the supplied Italian prisoners from the Red Cross. ?uello "not to depress the public spirit". In Africa of the North VIII the British army of Montgomery marshal, after the successes of general Rommel in the previous months, attacks to El Alamein the forces Italian-Germans who, committees to one hundred kilometers from Alexandria. November Ally to it will disembark to you in Morocco and Algeria. Mussolini pronounces to the Room its last diffuse speech for radio. The ARMIR begins the tragic one withdrawn in the river basin of the Don. a documentary resumed from the alive one during a competition canoro. In the ventennale of the Military service, Mussolini, after to have express just the satisfaction for the calm with which the Italian people it has received the news of the enemy occupation of the Libia, it promises: "L?ove we were, l?ove our dead men attend to us, l?ove we have left powerful and indestructible traces of ours civilt? after the minister for the popular culture, Alexander Pavolini, pronounces to the radio a comment on clears of Tripoli announced from the "bulletin of the Headquarters of the Armed Forces" n. After to have endured, in 1942, the German offensive to south-east until the Don, to Volga and in the Caucasus, the Soviet ones pass to the counterattack and, between November ' 42 and January ' 43, they destroy, in the battle of Stalingrad, the German army of general von Paulus. Mussolini fires Mario Appelius, wireless commentator who by now raises controversies and arguments in several atmospheres voices even second which, given the deprived of hope character of the Italian situation and the fear of the government to reveal the verit?Appelius had received secret instructions to prepare the Country for the defeat ". Von Ribbentrop, minister of the foreign countries of the reich, visits our Country. With the Duce an official notice has a series of talks to conclusion of which reaffirms the "decision of the two countries to lead the war with all the necessary energy until the annihilation of the enemy forces and to the elimination of the dead woman them danger of bolscevizzazione of Europe". Classified letter of Gaetano Polverelli to the Direttorio of the PNF in which manifest volont?el the Minculpop to set up one new campaign of wireless propaganda in order to fight "confusion and disfattismo". In the official official notice circulated to conclusion of the talks between Mussolini and Hitler in the castle of Klessheim confirmation the purpose to continue the fight "until to the Victoria definitive and the complete elimination of every future danger who give the West and from east threatens the space European-African, engaging integrally all the energies". Comes press definitively the historical rubrica "Comment to the facts of the day" that, started 10 years before, had constructed one of the main instruments of replaced wireless propaganda of the fascismo. from "Note on the events", in wave only the marted? the saturday anzich?utti the days. Violent uprising in the ghetto of Warsaw. The radio resumes the German bulletin that speaks about "putsches armed" in the quarter Hebrew ". Silvi, Gloomy Giachetti and Aldo Fabrizi. After to have conquered Pantelleria and Lampedusa, in the previous month, it allies it to you they disembark in Sicily (Husky operation) to the commando of the general. The troops touch earth between Licata and Augusta. The 22 July, the V armed American with general Patton enters to Palermo. 18 August, an official notice of the Italian high command supreme command announces the withdrawal of the troops of the Axis from the Sicily. The radio wide comments the strafing on carried out Rome gives. In the afternoon Devout Pontefice XII os between the population of the quarter S. Vittorio Emanuele III, after the outcome of the extraordinary sitting of the great Council of the Fascismo, in which the exoneration is asked for the Duce (Great order of the day), dismisses Mussolini and ago to arrest. The 26 July comes formed a government of technicians and soldiers guided from Badoglio marshal, which it announces for radio: "the continuous war to flank of the nazi allied one". With passing of the days, the situation loses strength between Italy and the Germany that ago to flow in the peninsula new divisions in the strategic points August, secret negotiations with the anglo-amercani whose turned out. After the same fall of the the 8 fascismo and until september, continuous EIAR own attivit?on managing and the same organization. Permangono "tight relations" with the Minculpop, to which?reposto Guido Rocco (from 15 August Carl Galliums). always pi?eteriorata the "credibilit?ell' EIAR". The public resorts to other sources, above all to London Radio. "Freed Sicily", the daily paper published then to Palermo, publishes an insertion of the PWB, Psychological Warfare Branch, that it demands "announcers of Italian language" for the radio station of. The selection permetter?i to choose seven elements that will be starts you on the microphone from the director of the intelligence of the Allied Forces, Misha Kamenessky (Ugo Stille). of Palermo Radio they will comprise notiziari from several the foreheads and comments, music and songs Americans, coded messages directed the partisans. The first transmission of "Italy fights", than sar?oi the warhorse of Radio Bariums?essa in wave da.45 the EIAR diffuses the following declaration of Badoglio marshal: "the Italian government, recognized the impossibilit?i to continue learns it fight against the soverchiante opposing power, in the attempt to save ulterior and pi?ravi disasters to the Nation, has asked an armistice general Eisenhower. between Italy and he allies to it to you, like underwrite in the armistice of the 3. The day after Monarchs, government and General Staff escape to Are drunk a toast leaving Italy in the complete chaos. to Salerno where they meet a hard resistance from German part. The movement of the "free radios" is diffused while that, under the control of the PWB are born in the gradually freed regions. the evening of the armistice begins to transmit, from Bortigali (Nuoro). the study?llestito on a truck of the military commando and subsequently hidden in one cove only in the February. Arming to Rossini (future general manager with RAI) and the second lieutenant. The radio, that it transmits to medium-wave and to short wave. today ", religious conversations of the chaplain Paul Paper (later on archbishop of Sassari) constitutes the skeleton of the issuing one. News principal sources are Radio London and Radio Algeri. The center and the systems of the EIAR of Rome come occupied from the Germans. An agreement between the Minculpop and the autorit?edesche, than legitimate the occupation?omunicato to Raoul Chiodelli, general manager. For two days the Italian radio tace. fascist under complete German control: the lieutenant of the Wehrmacht, Theil?l first announcer in coadiuvato Italian language. The station to German short wave of Rome-Prato decides to take apart it and to transfer it to the north, in the common one of Busto Arsizio, from where "to the Italian propaganda in the fascist period would have had to be resumption", Marsilio, 1976, p. From Radio Bariums, riattivata for initiative of intellectual young people goes words of Vittorio Emanuele III to the Italians after the escape from Rome in that "free zone of the national territory". week the issuing work in independent way. to Bariums, carrying their contribution to the new radio, personalit?ella culture like Antonio Piccone Star, Dawn de Cespedes, Anton Giulio Majano, Devout Ambrogetti, Gabriel Baldini, Diego heel, Ubaldo Lay. The political control passes to the PWB: Radio Bariums becomes organ of the quarter. the combat line and to carry out one precious support activitie. Radio Bariums diffuses every day four editions of the "Radio newscast" that, listened also in Germany, provokes that it fights "that had been previously diffused from Palermo Radio. It informs the partisans, propaganda the resistance, guides the freeing. The 12 september a German command free Mussolini to Field Emperor orders of the day with which it announces to have resumed the direction of the fascismo in Italy, to have reconstituted the structure of the party, now chiamer?artito Fascist Republican (secretariat to Alexander. The 18 september pronounces from Monaco Radio a speech to the Italians ritrasmesso from the radio stations of the occupied territories. Risen Monaco radio?na of "government via ether", format around to a group of gerarchi shelters to you in Germany after the armistice with German equipments and with programs it realizes to you from Cesar Rivelli. It comes signed to Malta along armistice between allies to it to you and the governo.16 the stations rilever?praticamente sanction the control allied on all means of the ally commando "all transmitters to Palermo, Bariums, to Cagliari, to Naples. the damagings of war, Radios Palermo and Radio Naples will work with field equipments supplied from the allies of RAI from ally you to the DC. With a series of you decree Mussolini reorganizes all the field of. Two director general's offices are created them: one for the press and Italian radio, the other for the press and foreign radio. Exactly to the Duce from part of Fernando Mezzasoma, minister for the popular culture of the Italian Social Republic, on the transfer of the wireless center of Rome-Prato Emerald to Busto Arsizio "in order not to make to fall the pi?otente Italian station to short waves in hand. The "Radio newscast" of the EIAR, under German control?Da this date, Rome transmits in issuing connection with the Lombardic one, while only?dibita Rome II to transmissions. Mussolini rintuzza the controversies provoked from the transfer of the main center of the EIAR to the north, asserting that the radio follows the government. Italy under the control of the German Armed Forces assumes the denomination. The wireless Center of the RSI had been transferred in localit?tr?lgi?nella campaign between Busto Arsizio and Olgiate-Olona. operates is to medium-wave is to short wave compound, beyond to the body of the journalists, from two auditori, one room rubriche "social Radio" and "Radio family". Fernando Mezzasoma addresses with letter the minister of the Armed Forces in order stigmatizzare the competition between Fante Radio (under German control) and Radio Soldier (cured from the issuing one of the RSI). The National Liberation Committees indicono, to Naples, an assembly of all the CLN of freed Italy. it is gone asserting?radita the allies general of the forces does not prohibit the opening of conference CLN. In the programs of the Italian Service it irradiates you from the BBC are inserted messages to the families from part of the captive Italian soldiers in. The Republic of Sal?stituisce a special Court in order to judge the members of the Great Council of the Fascismo that, in the sitting of the 25 July 1943, had voted against Benito Mussolini having provoked the fall of. After an express process farce, five of charge to you, De Bono, Gottardi, Marinelli, Pareschi and Galeazzo Ciano, I generate of Mussolini. it allies to It disembark to you to Anzio and to Neptune in order to go around the German troops. Four months will be necessary very in order to enter to Rome. Radio Bariums, "Nominally Italian but of fact controlled from allies to you", d?a news that "Ercoli (Palmiro Togliatti), lived for many years in Russia, has asked to return in Italy in order to take part to the liberation fight". simply: "Left the country it wishes to fight for the Italia".Monteleone, "History of the Radio and of the Television in Italy". the conference of the CLN. to the ally forces is opened to Bariums to participate to you prohibiting also the transmission of. Radio Bariums records the pi?alienti participations, like that one of Benedict Cross, and it passes them to the BBC. as it emphasizes Monteleone, the conference ends for having a "such launch" to provoke interest in several zones of the world. "History of RAI from Allies you to the DC. It allies to you bomb the German bench mark around to the Abbey of Montecassino. The Germans will resist for three months. The EIAR creates special issuing with propagandistiche functions which they come given to characteristic names which: Radio Hawk, Tevere Radio, Radio Soldier. The maneuver coincides with one pi?rganica structuring of the government of the Italian Social Republic and the wireless center of Busto. Aids from the Germans are obtained, form an advisory committee. It begins to work the wireless service of the general commando of the CVL, body voluntary of libert?nel the territory occupied from the nazifascisti, communicates directly with it allies to it to you, it diffuses bulletins of war of the resistance, the demands for "launch" of crews to the partisans, the character messages. Attack to Rome, in via Rasella, against one column of 32 German SS. For reprisal, the following day, the Germans shoot 335 "hostages" to Were Ardeatine. The rubrica "Italy Fights" comes daily transmitted. They collaborate to you, between the others, Mario Soldiers, Arnoldo Fo?Steno, Maurizio Barendson, Antonio Ghirelli, Leo. From Milan, the issuing Fascist Tevere Radio flake with violence against "rebellious of" Radio the Shame ", like. "Cinquant' years of wireless theatre in Italy, YOU WERE, 1981, p. In execution of the Interministerial decree of the 10/02/1944, n. Italian Social Republic, the legal situs of the?rasferita EIAR. The ally troops enter to Rome freeing it from the Germans in withdrawn. It allies disembark to you in Normandia: ?ominciato the "D-Day".00 Rome Radio the happened liberation of issuing, the last one under the control opens the new transmissions announcing of. The Germans in escape have taken apart the systems transmitters. Rome is organized with how much remains: the Mount emitter works. Via via the journalists and the programmisti that, you escape yourself after the 8 september, had in worked part nelle emittenti.Da today has beginning, alle directed dependencies return to Rome delle autorit?ilitari allies, one new management dell' EIAR understanding in the first place to upgrade al maximum the contribution that the Italian radio to potr?are alla war against the Nazi-fascist, and to throw the bases of a renewed wireless organization that nella new Italy democratic can soon become an effective instrument of moral, social and artistic elevation to favor of all the Italian people. Station EIAR of Florence stops the transmissions famous: "All the provisions that have been taken during the republican fascist management of the EIAR come declare to you null, but that they will come express confirmed from the new management". The military government allied insedia to Rome a commissioner for the management of the attivit?adiofoniche in Italy center-meridional. The radio station of connection between the regional commandos partisans, implanted to the north (14 March) from the general commando of the Body Voluntary of the Libert??coperta from the nazifascisti. Old, than it directs it, it remains killed. It allies to you are to the doors of Florence. Gomez, operating EIAR of Turin you escape yourself in the capoluogo from Tuscany, record the dramatic German radio broadcast of the war in citt?ra, that they destroy all in withdrawn, and partisans and allies to you. a constructed portable sonorous recorder from De Sanctis, helps you from the technicians of Florence Radio that had stopped to operate the 17 june. Ten years after wireless documentary ritrasmetter?uesto RAI. In pursuance of the law on the epurazione (D. from the Italian government, the Director general's office of the EIAR arranges that all the staff of the EIAR, in service or unemployed person, is subordinate to the examination of an appropriate commission instituted near the Ministry of the Communications. The commission for the personal epurazione del comincer? its work near the center of via of the Botteghe Dark, 29 August. To Pesaro intentional radio from the Americans begins the transmissions of one who?hiamata the Armed Voice of the VIII. The operating complex?eso from Italians, Americans and English. The ally troops begin the attack against the gotica line. the Republic partisan of the Val d' Ossola. Wireless message of general Alexander to the partisans: ?uasi a smobilitazione order. One circular of the head of the police of the Republic of Sal?ispone the seizure of all the apparatuses private radios, except those of the enrolled one to the fascist party, in the zones "infested from the rebellious ones". The Commando Grouping Garibaldi Divisions implants in the biellese. The programs begin with the Hymn of Mameli and comprise notiziari of the war partisan, directives of the general commando, news on the inner events (strikes, manifestations, etc. Luigi Rusca?l commissioner for the extraordinary management of societ?AI, the Radio Italy Auditions of RAI?el Ministry of the Posts and Telecommunications (that it had replaced the Ministry of the Communications), while that politics are up to the Sottosegretariato for Stampa and the information. Conference to Yalta between Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill for the order to give to the European continent to the term of ostilit?Il "the Radio newscast" of the regions center-meridionals passes from management PWB to management RAI. The competence for the epurazione to the inside of?ttribuita RAI. Later on to agitations of the staff, Luigi Rusca is discharged from commissioner. It has therefore fine the commissariale regimen for attivit?adiofoniche.00 the radios gi?ella Italian Social Republic transmits, instead of the notiziario usual of the government of Sal?un unexpected message: all the Val d' Ossola, the Val Sesia and the zone of the Greater lago. The day after, with the uprising of Milan, all northern Italy?raticamente freed assumes the full civil and military powers. Lombardic, it turns from Milan this wireless message: "you do not allow that the crushed fascismo revives an other time, perch?a responsible class of our disasters still exists". detailed of the first day of the liberation?rasmesso. the CLNAI nomination Enrico Carrara commissioner for the management of attivit?Ancora for the many months attivit?adiofonica continuer? to be left again between northern regions, trained from the CLNAI, and regions center-meridionals, making head to RAI under the twofold control of the Italian government and of allies to you. To Giulino di Mezzegra, on the lago of Como?ucilato Mussolini. With he the lover Claretta wireless Petacci.?ato the day after to the 9 dies. The Germans sign to Caserta the yield on the forehead. Adolf Hitler kills with the moglie Eva Braun in the bunker of the Papal chancery. The German understood one them, besieging from the Soviet troops from. Kw enters in function to Rome an emitter from 100 that replaces. The job of reconstruction of the net begins. 24 May Arthur Carl Jemolo, president of RAI, writes to the Presidency of the fast Council asking and the efficient one. Jodl company, to Reims, the unconditioned yield of. The yield sar?atificata to Berlin two days after. Formation of a new government presided from Ferruccio Parri Proclamation of the Paper of the United Nations to the term of the Conference. Own appearance stops the control allied on the broadcastings will assume one gradually. of rispecchiano independent programming that the regionalistiche aspirations. The problem of the autonomies porter?a Direction, intenzionata moreover to maintain the organicit?ei programs, to assign to 2 hours and 18 minuteren approximately of local autonomy to the stations. For initiative of Great Britain one is carried out to London Conference. of invited, to flank of the vincitrici powers, while the States are absent that have participated to the war to flank of the Germany. Conclusion: a definitive plan of distribution of the wavelengths to only potr?ssere determined in one international conference between all the representatives of the European and European States successive occupied the military forces of the four powers (Great Britain, USSR, USA and France), until the previewed international conference the distribution of the waves sar?ontrollata from an organism temporary and based on the Plan of Lucerna in vigor before the war, holding. To edge of the battleship American "Missouri" Japan company. ?la fine of the second world war. First number of the new edition center-meridional of the "Radiocorriere", written up to Rome and directed from a committee formed from Luigi Greek, Jader. It publishes palimpsests of the stations center-south, a panorama of the programs of the northern and foreign regions. Before aimed of the wireless review "the daughter of the borsaro black" of Age, Gi? Gi?musiche originals selects you through a competition of Naples Radio radio for the schools "begins the transmissions dedicated to the pupils. 702, that vigor to the south extends to northern Italy the law norms gi?n, the practical epurative pass under the control and responsabilit?ella direction RAI, which forwards the procedures to the appropriate cetralized commission. "Theatre for the people", initiative of Ignazio Silone, synthetizes the pedagogical history of music through executions and explanations. Formation of the first government de Gasperi, after the dimissioni of Parri. The 20 are discharged the board of directors of elect RAI open them, and the commissioner for the attivit?adiofoniche in Italy. The shareholders' meeting of the shareholders elegge a new council, reconstituting unit?ell' the company. 22 December begins the unified management of the attivit?adiofonica. The first number of the northern edition of the "Radiocorriere" exits. 1947 the "sar?ubblicato Radiocorriere" in two editions. Subsequently the same ones confluiranno in the unified edition. To the end of the ostilit? for effect of the war destructions, the systems turn out reduced to 12 medium-wave stations (total power 129 Kw) and 2 stations to short wave (total power of approximately 90 Kw). In 1942 the wireless net of the EIAR was constituted from 34 stations OM, for total 850,5 Kw, and 9 stations OC, for total 431 Kw. to the intact systems joins those of Bologna (1 Kw), Florence Kw), Roma-Santa Palomba (100 Kw), Turin (20 Kw), Turin II temporary medium-wave systems immune from the destruction. The picture of the subscriptions in 1945 regarding 1939 introduces: North to the previous year, passing from 81 to 162 Liras. In 1946 to salt? 420 Liras, in 1947 to 1000 Liras. 21 November -?ultimata the realization of the plan of construction of the wireless medium-wave net, that it turns out constituted from 28 emitters. of Rome, demonstration experiences them of transmissions television with. 10 July - a television emitter and a study of resumption Enter in function to Turin, that they concur to carry out tests for. 11 september - In occasion of the 1. International exposure of Milan, the transmissions have beginning experience them television from Turin to Milan, with the stadard of 625 lines. First monoscopio of RAI TV of Turin received via satellite in Ku band after 1986 the 21 July 1950, kept to the Hotel Excelsior di Rapallo one reunion of the Technical Commission for the Television of the National Research Council. Alexander Banfi?tato protagonist of the first experiment of television in Italy like technical leader of then Eiar then RAI. In the May 1935 Banfi, in forecast of the transmissions experiences them had written "il better point than installation than radiotrasmettitore [ to Rome ] to ultrashort wave?onte Mario [. For this reason and for the existence to Turin of the laboratory they experiments, would be useful to execute in this last citt?elle transmission of television regular seeds. a monoscopio is probably caught a glimpse unknown of going back RAI to a period comprised between 1953 and 1955, determined the technical characteristics of the Italian system of television. 12 you open them - They enter in function to Milan the center of production of Sempine Course, equipped of 23 wireless studies and of 2 television studies. In occasion of the Fair Collection of samples, they come carried out television transmissions experiences them and?ealizzato the first television connection with bridges to microwaves between Milan and Torino.00 the first television news toes make one's debut experiences them Italian, to direct it Vittorio Veltroni. Milan, Penice Mount, Portofino, Mount Greenhouse, Peglia Mount, Roma-Monte. 30 May 1954 comes inaugurated to Monza the new center of the Center. 6 june - RAI participates to the first connection directed in net. the first historical "buonasera Miss." of RAI, in a documentary cured from Ugo Zatterin, retort the announcement of the beginning of the transmissions made ten years before (3 January 1954) cause the lack of filmato of age monoscopio an official RAI in wave to the end of 50 years ' Image draft from the television transmission "Radiovisione, the preistoria of the tv" gone in wave on RAI Three 28 Decembers the 2007 to 23, hours issuing one of state proposed this monoscopio. television transmission Carosello nacque 3 February 1957 with a delay of a month and two days on the announced date. on s?e critical of those who they paid the canone and that they did not appreciate pubblicit?n the television, RAI pens?ene to associate to every official notice trades them miniums-filmato introductory that it synthetized in one manciata of minuteren of history of completed sense. the regular transmissions of According to television program irradiated from 14 systems transmitters that 52% of the Italian population serve. The new Center is inaugurated to Turin Search and Experimentation RAI of. 1 August of 1961, began the transmissions of the Second. It was not a great satisfaction, poich?ino to the september of 1961 on new net TV was not possible to see something of various from old films and documentary, but after seven years of only and irreplaceable program, it was said: We see that what makes dall’.altra part case, the transmission of the filmato material was limited to i. Who had a television set was ready to press the commutator with the written UHF, that she wants to say High Frequency Ultra, and was prma after to only have made to add all’.interno dell’.apparecchio one special device. an old television set, could equally see According to program adding a converter, that it was in practical, a cassettina with two keys, for everyone of the programs forecast of the first phase of the jobs for the construction of new net TV of the service was only 67% of. In 1968 l’,80% of the population to only succeed? to see According to channel, figure from a stipulated convention dell’.anniversario of the Victoria, the Second present?l program inaugurates dedicated them to the first World war. 14 emitters in following localit?Torino, Penice Mount, Mount existed very Sell, Trieste, Beigua Mount, Mount Greenhouse, Florence, Rome, Pescara, Faito Mount, Mount Hunting, Gambarie, Travelling Mount, Serpiddi Mount. In the period they experiments of according to channel, between the ten. l’.occasione was had to see l’.immagine fixed of monoscopio (the diagram composed of circles concentrates to us and of straight lines that of usual appeared on the national net. it was contraddistinto from number 2 designed to the center moment monoscopio the dell’.unica net was lacking in mark, but 4 November it came inserted to the center the N letter (National). Releases photographic of the acronyms of opening and closing of transmissions RAI (Years 70) in order to listen to the audio clicca on the images irradiated, even if only in some zones between which that one served from Turin-Eremo, mark them to colors in systems NTSC, PAL and SECAM. In the zone of Turin they begin the transmissions radio in stereofonia. diffuses on the television net the directed transmission in of the disembarkation on the Moon of the astronauts of Apollo 11. Gardena the Campinati world-wide of alpine ski has place. RAI employs numerous systems furnish and fixed, that 625 lines concur the generation for the foreign television agencies of the totalit?ei television programs with colors (according to system PAL)., expressed on consistent seeming of Technical the Higher council of the Telecommunicationses, RAI sends in wave to colors, on second net TV, the games of XX the Olimpiade di Monaco. The transmissions are carried out the afternoon and the evening, alternatively with systems PAL and SECAM, for a total of 148 hours moreover is carried out transmissions for tests for 38 hours, shared in equal parts between the two arranges. 226 With first?iaffermato legittimit?ella the reservoir to the state of the services of circular televione on condition that the transmissions offer to public "one range of services characterized from obiettivit? thoroughness of of information "and that it comes favorite and rendered effective" the right of access in the maximum measure declares legitimate the istallazione and the exercise of suitable systems to the single reception and spread to you of foreign television programs private of local the radiotelevisivi services via cable. 30 November - a law by decree dictates to new norms in matter of wireless spread and television to the aim to adapt the legislation to the principles it indicates to you in the sentences of the Constitutional Court n. via satellite from Mondreal, transmissions experiences them to colors for the "Ceremony of opening of XXI the Olimpiade". public monopoly of the radiotelevisivo service via ether, concurring the installation and the exercise of not exceeding systems of spread of the television transmissions with colors in Italy as it would have been the monoscopio of RAI 3 taking to cue from the monoscopes of the age 15 Decembers -?inaugurata third net TV, with spread is national is regional. The transmissions catch up, initially, all capolughi of region experimentally a net of land wireless spread digita them of the Cinema "of Venice come experienced for before the time in Italy 40 technology MVDS to GHz (Multimedium Video Distribution System). of Rome via Teulada for the up-link digita them of programs RAI (DVB-S) towards the satellite of spread Hot Bird 2, digita them from up-link of Rome via Teulada of the thematic channels satellitari us. Up Adige comes started a service of wireless spread. 40 a bidirectional system MWS to GHz (Multimedia Wireless System) for transmissions experiences them towards the satellite Hot Bird 4 for uses it. RAI of "business unit" called Division Transmission that subsequently assumer?a denomination RaiWay S. the transmissions experiences them of digital television land them (DVB-T). asset technical and the staff of the DTD. Monoscopio of RAI ONE photographed 3 January 2007 to the hours 04:20 Monoscopio of RAI TWO photographed 10 January 2007 to the hours 06:13 Monoscopio of RAI THREE photographed the 30 september 2006 to hours 05:00. on the origins of the broadcasting with the EIAR against Marconi. The material on this page to are the responsibility of its author